Interviews
Autor: dollytam.
Interviews
De:
dollytam
This presentation covers: - types of interviews: structured, unstructured; individual, group - planning the interviews - questions - probing - interview tips - capturing the data Interviews - talking and listening to people The participant is being interviewed, not interrogated Checking in…
- What do you think? Answer YES or NO to each of the following
- Interviews involve talking with people
- Everyone would rather be interviewed than surveyed
- There is one standard method of interviewing
- Interviews are always done in-person
- Because interviews are personal, they are more culturally appropriate
- Interviews can create a lot of narrative data that will require time to analyze
- Interviewers should ask the same question in the same way of all respondents .
- Interviews involve talking with people YES
- Everyone would rather be interviewed than surveyed NO (depends upon the person, topic and situation)
- There is one standard method of interviewing NO (way to interview falls along a continuum from structured to conversational)
- Interviews are always done in-person NO (interviews can be conducted by telephone or other audio devices)
- Because interviews are personal, they are always culturally appropriate NO
- Interviews can create a lot of narrative data that will require time to analyze YES
- Interviewers should ask the same question in the same way of all respondents . NO
- What you mean is that there is not a specific way to learn vocabulary?
- Some people would say that the process of learning a foreign language is easy and takes a couple of years, do you agree with them?
- Imagine you are an English teacher, what activities would you plan for the first class?
- According to your point of view, what is the best way to learn vocabulary?
- Verbally asking program participants the program evaluation questions and hearing the participant’s point of view in his or her own words.
- Interviews can be either structured or unstructured
- They can be conducted in person or over the telephone.
- They can be conducted individually or as a group
- “ Direct quotations from people about experiences, opinions, feelings and knowledge” (Patton, 1990)
- Things to consider:
- Preferred by people with an oral culture
- Language level proficiency; verbal skill proficiency
- Politeness – responding to authority (thinking it’s unacceptable to say “no”), nodding, smiling, agreeing
- Need to have someone present
- Relationship/position of interviewer – for example, do youth feel comfortable speaking frankly to the interviewer?
- May be seen as interrogation
- Direct questioning may be seen as impolite, threatening, or confrontational
- How would the
- information be different
- for different types of
- interviews: structured or unstructured? Individual or group?
- When might you use each?
- What do you want to learn – what is your purpose for conducting the interviews?
- Who do you intend to interview?
- Will you conduct individual or group interviews? Which will be more comfortable for youth participants? If you are considering a group interview, how might the presence of peers affect them?
- Exactly who will you interview?
- How many?
- How will they be selected?
- Where will the interview be held?
- How long will each interview take?
- Who will do the interviewing?
- You? Colleagues from another county? Youth? Others?
- Will you need to train the interviewers?
- Will there be an incentive for participants?
- Food may be helpful!
- What do you want to know?
- Review the purpose of your evaluation and why you are conducting these interviews
- Decide on the questions you will ask
- Brainstorm questions
- Prioritize and identify the key questions
- Identify possible probing questions
- Anticipate how long each question will take to answer and keep within your timeframe
- Sequence the questions
- Opening questions, transition questions, ending questions
- Write your questions down in an interview guide that lists the topics or questions to be covered
- Remember: the type and specificity of your questions depends upon whether you are conducting a structured, semi structured or unstructured interview
- Check the wording of your questions, “using words that make sense to the interviewee…” (Patton, 1990)
- With a colleague, friend, or family member
- and/or
- With a few people like those you intend to interview
- Good interviewing requires skill
- Practice interviewing before you begin
- Ask a colleague to ‘stand in’ as the respondent, or solicit someone from the interviewee population
- Know your questions well so the interview flows smoothly
- By telephone or in-person
- Personalize the request
- Explain:
- Purpose of the interview – how data will be used
- How long it will take
- How it will be conducted – when, where, etc.
- Solicit participation and arrange date/time for the interview
- Send the interview questions in advance as appropriate
- Create an open, respectful environment
- Ensure the person is comfortable
- Review the purpose of the interview
- Assure Human subjects protection
- Distribute consent form
- “ May I proceed?” “Is it okay to begin”
- Probing is the process
- of asking follow-up questions
- to dig deeper
- in order to obtain
- useful, meaningful information
- Depended on participants’ answers
- Avoid pressing too hard and too fast
- Interview question: “What did you like best about this program?”
- Response: “I liked everything.”
- Probe 1: “What one thing stood out?”
- Response: “Being with my friends.”
- Probe 2: “What about the program activities?”
- Response : “I liked it when we worked as a team.”
- Probe 3: “How come?”
- Response : “It was neat to hear each other’s perspectives. I heard some things I hadn’t considered before.”
- Probe 4: “What is one thing that you learned?”
- Use paper and write down what the person says as she talks
- Jot down notes during the interview and fill in immediately after the interview
- Type responses into a computer
- Tape record the interview (audio or video tape) – for transcription
- Work in pairs: one interviews and the other records the responses
- Check and fill in your notes at the end of each interview – don’t wait to do this because you will forget details
- Write a brief summary for each interview – highlight themes, quotes, key points
- Postinterview notes allow the investigator to monitor the process of data collection as well as begin to analyze the information itself
- Review notes, listen to tapes or review transcripts
- Organize interviews by question and summarize across all interviews
- Identify themes, patterns and divergences
- Highlight key points and notable quotes
- Depending upon the amount of interview data you have, you may do the data processing by hand or by computer (Word, Excel, qualitative software programs)
- For help with qualitative data analysis see:
- PDE booklet, Analyzing qualitative data http://learningstore.uwex.edu/pdf/G3658-12.PDF
- Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Establish rapport and comfort
- Establish time frame for interview
- and stick to it
- Pitch your language to the respondent
- Begin with topics of interest to the interviewee
- Ask one question at a time
- Be careful about verbal and nonverbal cues
- Be respectful
- Listen carefully – be patient
- What do you think NOW compared to what you thought Before going through this presentation?
- Interviews involve talking with people
- Everyone would rather be interviewed than surveyed
- There is one standard method of interviewing
- Interviews are always done in-person
- Because interviews are personal, they are always culturally appropriate
- Interviews can create a lot of narrative data that will require time to analyze
- Spend a few minutes reflecting on what we covered in this presentation
- What, if anything, did you learn that you didn’t know before?
- What is one ‘ah-ha’ you had?
Fuente: http://www.slideshare.net/dollytam/interviews-9164794